Moniz, MMascarenhas, MIEscobar, CNunes, PAbadesso, CLoureiro, HAlmeida, H2018-06-182018-06-182017Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017 Jan-Mar;29(1):111-114.1982-4335http://hdl.handle.net/10400.10/2015Rhabdomyolysis is a process of muscle destruction that can present with varying clinical manifestations. In pediatric patients, its main etiology is infectious diseases. We present a previously healthy adolescent who was admitted to our emergency department with a four-day history of myalgia, muscle weakness and dark urine. At presentation, she was dehydrated. Blood analysis revealed acute renal failure and increased muscular enzymes. She was transferred to our pediatric intensive care unit. Medical therapies for correction of dehydration and the ionic and metabolic consequences of renal failure were performed. Due to oliguria, renal replacement therapy was initiated. An etiological investigation revealed a beta-oxidation defect. Metabolic diseases are a known cause of rhabdomyolysis. Muscular destruction should be diagnosed early in order to avoid its potential consequences. Generally, the treatment of rhabdomyolysis is conservative, although in some situations, a more invasive approach is needed.engRhabdomyolysisMetabolic diseasesAdolescentAcute kidney injuryLesão aguda do rimjournal article10.5935/0103-507X.20170016