Medicina Intensiva
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Browsing Medicina Intensiva by Author "Anzueto, A"
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- Outcome of mechanically ventilated patients who require a tracheostomyPublication . Frutos-Vivar, F; Esteban, A; Apezteguía, C; Anzueto, A; Nightingale, P; González, M; Soto, L; Rodrigo, C; Raad, J; David, C; Matamis, D; D'Empaire, G; Freitas, PT; International Mechanical Ventilation Study GroupOBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of, the risk factors associated with, and the outcome of tracheostomy in a heterogeneous population of mechanically ventilated patients. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: A total of 361 intensive care units from 12 countries. PATIENTS: A cohort of 5,081 patients mechanically ventilated for >12 hrs. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 546 patients (10.7%) had a tracheostomy during their stay in the intensive care unit. Tracheostomy was performed at a median time of 12 days (interquartile range, 7-17) from the beginning of mechanical ventilation. Variables associated with the performance of tracheostomy were duration of mechanical ventilation, need for reintubation, and neurologic disease as the primary reason of mechanical ventilation. The intensive care unit stay of patients with or without tracheostomy was a median of 21 days (interquartile range, 12-32) vs. 7 days (interquartile range, 4-12; p < .001), respectively, and the hospital stay was a median 36 days (interquartile range, 23-53) vs. 15 days (interquartile range, 8-26; p < .001), respectively. Adjusting by other variables, tracheostomy was independently related with survival in the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-2.86). Mortality in the hospital was similar in both groups (39% vs. 40%, p = .65). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure in the intensive care unit that is associated with a lower mortality in the unit but with a longer stay and a similar mortality in the hospital than in patients without tracheostomy
- Prognosis factors and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia needing mechanical ventilation.Publication . Tejerina, E; Frutos-Vivar, F; Restrepo, M; Anzueto, A; Palizas, F; Gonzaléz, M; Aspesteguía, C; Abroug, F; Matanis, D; Bugedo, G; Esteban, A; Freitas, PT; International Mechanical Ventilation Study GroupPURPOSE: To evaluate the variables associated with mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia who require mechanical ventilation and to determine the attributable morbidity and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality of community-acquired pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study carried out in 361 ICUs from 20 countries including 124 patients who required mechanical ventilation on the first day of admission to the hospital due to acute respiratory failure secondary to severe community-acquired pneumonia. To assess the factors associated with outcome, a forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed, and to determine the attributable mortality of community-acquired pneumonia, a matched study design was used. RESULTS: We found 3 independent variables significantly associated with death in patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: simplified acute physiological score greater than 45 (odds ratio, 5.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-12.3]), shock (odds ratio, 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.1]), and acute renal failure (odds ratio, 3.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.0]). There was no statistically significant difference in ICU mortality among patients with or without community-acquired pneumonia (32% vs 35%; P=.59). CONCLUSIONS: Community-acquired pneumonia needing mechanical ventilation is not a disease associated with higher mortality. The main determinants of patient outcome were initial severity of illness and the development of shock and/or acute renal failure.
- Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Publication . Arroliga, A; Frutos-Vivar, F; Hall, J; Esteban, A; Apezteguía, C; Soto, L; Anzueto, A; Freitas, PT; International Mechanical Ventilation Study Group.OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBs) and their impact in outcome in an international cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. METHODS: We analyzed the database of a prospective, multicenter cohort of 5,183 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for > 12 h. We considered that a patient received a given agent when it was administered for at least 3 h in a 24-h period. RESULTS: A total of 3,540 patients (68%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 67 to 69%) received a sedative at any time while receiving mechanical ventilation. The median number of days of use was 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6 days). The persistent use of sedative was associated with more days of mechanical ventilation (median, 4 days [IQR, 2 to 8 days], vs 3 days [IQR, 2 to 4 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]); more weaning days (median, 2 days [IQR, 1 to 3 days], vs 2 days [IQR, 1 to 5 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]); and longer length of stay in the ICU (median, 8 days [IQR, 5 to 15 days], vs 5 days [IQR, 3 to 9 days] in patients who did not receive sedatives [p < 0.001]). Six hundred eighty-six patients (13%; 95% CI, 12 to 14%) received an NMB for at least 1 day. The median number of days of use was 2 (IQR, 1 to 4 days). The administration of an NMB was independently related with age, a normal previous functional status, main reason of mechanical ventilation (patients with ARDS received more NMBs), and with patient management (patients requiring permissive hypercapnia, prone position, high level of positive end-expiratory pressure, and high airways pressure). CONCLUSIONS: The use of sedatives is very common, and their use is associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning time, and stay in the ICU. NMBs are used in 13% of the patients and are associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning time, stay in the ICU, and higher mortality.