Medicina Física e Reabilitação
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Browsing Medicina Física e Reabilitação by Subject "Baixo peso ao nascer"
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- Estudo da morbilidade no neurodesenvolvimento, em recém-nascidos de muito baixo pesoPublication . Cunha, M; Ferreira, L; Fonseca, F; Novais, R; Cadete, A; Barroso, R; Nunes, S; Carreiro, H; Botelho, T; Machado, MCObjectivo: Avaliar a prevalência das sequelas no neurodesenvolvimento em Recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso. Metodologia: Estudo transversal para determinação da prevalência das sequelas do neurodesenvolvimento, das crianças nascidas de muito baixo peso num hospital de apoio perinatal diferenciado da Grande Lisboa, de 01/06/96 a 01/06/2000. Realizou-se a avaliação do desenvolvimento através das Escalas Schedule of Growing Skills II e de Desenvolvimento Mental de Ruth Griffiths, o seguimento Oftalmológico e ORL e a avaliação social. Considerou-se sequela do neurodesenvolvimento quando o Quoficiente Geral da Griffiths foi ≤ 70, a SGSII dois intervalos de idade abaixo da idade corrigida, existência de défice sensorial ou défice motor. Resultados: de um total de 21605 nados vivos, houve 268 RNMBP, Destes, 107 foram avaliados (44% dos sobreviventes). Dos 161 não avaliados eram 25 falecidos, 16 transferidos e 120 por falta de seguimento. Dos 107 incluídos na amostra, a idade gestacional média foi de 29,1s (+2.6) e o peso de nascimento médio de 1100g (+235), sexo F/M 55/52. Detectou-se défice auditivo em 11 (15.6%) das 70 crianças que realizaram potenciais evocados auditivos e défice visual de duas (2.3%) das 86 avaliadas. A avaliação do desenvolvimento até aos 4 anos, revelou um atraso global do desenvolvimento em 21 (19,6%) das crianças e deficiência motora em 6 (5,6%). Necessitaram de Apoios Educativos 31 crianças, 24 de Fisioterapia no Hospital e 14 foram orientadas para Centros de Reabilitação. Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento normal ou alterado, no que se refere à idade gestacional, peso de nascimento, CRIB, NTISS, corticóides pré-natais, tempo de ventilação, presença de HIV ou leucomalácia. Nas crianças com alterações do desenvolvimento, observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, no que se refere ao sexo, sendo o masculino predominante.
- Factores preditivos da aderência dos pais a um programa de seguimento de crianças nascidas de muito baixo pesoPublication . Marecos, C; Oliveira, A; Figueiredo, H; Cadete, A; Cunha, MIntroduction: Newborn infants of very low birth weight (VLBW) are at high risk of neurodevelopment disorder, justifying the implementation of early intervention programs for these children. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of long-term "Care Programme for Development” (CPD) applied to VLBW infants, analyze parents' compliance to follow-up and identify perinatal variables with influence on neurodevelopment. Methods: Cross sectional and retrospective study on the implementation and adherence to CPD in a level III hospital between 2001 and 2005. Morbidity defined as neurological or sensorial sequels. Out of 323 VLBW newborns, 265 were enrolled for the study (49 died; 9 transferred). Results: CPD was made on 89%. Comparing groups with follow-up (156/59%) and without follow-up (109/41%), there were significant differences in maternal age (28.7 / 26.1, p=0.001) and pregnancy surveillance (89% / 78%, p=0.008). There was significant association of adherence with maternal age (odds ratio 1.059, 95% CI 1.009-1.112, p=0.019); pregnancy surveillance (odds ratio 0.336, 95% CI 0.141-0.802, p=0.014) and early consultation (Odds ratio 6.390, 95% CI 2.685 -15.208, p<0.001). Group with follow-up evaluated at an average age of 3.6 years. Seventy-nine per cent had normal neurodevelopment, 10% development delay or cognitive impairment, 6.4% cerebral palsy and 4% had attention deficit hyperactivity. Visual deficit in 7.8% and hearing impairment in 10% of 156 evaluated children. Regression analysis showed a positive association between the existence of sequels and male gender (odds ratio 0.384, 95% CI 0.169 to 0.869, p=0.022) and peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (odds ratio 2.965, 95% CI 1.104 to 7.963, p=0.031). After discharge, 31% required specific intervention. Discussion and conclusion: Adherence to CPD was higher in older mothers, surveillance of pregnancy, intervention started in NICU and early consultation after discharge. Low birth weight, male gender, IPVH, ventilation time and BPD seem to be variables associated with poor prognosis of neurodevelopment.
- Nutritive sucking pattern from very low birth weight preterm to term newbornPublication . Cunha, M; Barreiros, J; Gonçalves, I; Figueiredo, HThe contribution of maturation and stimulation to the development of oral feeding was investigated, with two main objectives: (1) to analyze the nutritive sucking pattern of very-low-birth-weight newborns from their first oral feeding to the acquisition of independent oral feeding, and (2) to compare the nutritive sucking patterns of these babies, after feeding autonomy, with healthy term newborns. METHODS: Two groups were considered for analysis. Group 1: N=15 Very-Low-Birth-Weight (VLBW), gestacional age (GA)=28.15+/-1.5, birth weight (BW)=1178.3+/-174.4. The intervention program began at 30.19+/-1.52 weeks GA. Group 2: N=25 term newborns, healthy, GA=39.04+/-1.2, BW=3370.42+/-310.76. Repeated measures of the following variables were taken (weekly for group 1): suction efficacy (SEF), rhythm of milk transfer (RMT), suctions, bursts and pauses. Group 2 was analysed only once between the 2nd and 5th day of life. RESULTS: Group 1 has revealed a minimal suction number at 32 GA weeks (82+/-77.6) and maximal suction number at 36-37 GA weeks (162.7+/-60.7). The number of sucks seemed to be dependent of weight (p=0.005), duration of intervention (p=0.001) and chronological age (p=0.000). Significant statistical effects of gestational age were not observed (p=0.904). Sucks in bursts represented 77% at the beginning of oral feeding (32 weeks GA), and 96% at 33 weeks GA, remaining constant thereafter. The number of sucks and bursts increased with GA and weeks of feeding. The mean duration of the pauses decreased from first to fourth week of feeding (week1=14.1+/-9.1 and week4=6.4+/-1.4 s). The sucking efficacy (SEF) was better explained by weight (p=0.000), number of sucks in 5 min (p=0.025) and chronological age (p=0.044). Gestational age (p=0.051) and nutritive intervention duration (NDI) (p=0.110) did not contribute to explain SEF. Despite the observation of significant statistical differences between groups regarding GA (35.9/39.08; p=0.00), chronological age (53.3/2.5; p=0.00) and weight (1875/3360; p=0.00), the nutritive suction pattern was not statistically different between groups after feeding autonomy. CONCLUSION: in VLBW oral feeding before 32 weeks GA allows the attainment of a mature nutritive suction pattern before term (37-40 weeks). Experience seems to be one of the influencing factors in the change of the nutritive suction pattern.