Browsing by Author "Fonseca, J"
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- Body composition phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study of caucasian female patients.Publication . Santos, MJ; Vinagre, F; Silva, J; Gil, V; Fonseca, JOBJECTIVES: The amount and distribution of fat and lean mass have important implications for health and systemic inflammation may represent a risk for altered body composition. The aim of this study was to analyse whether changes in body composition are similarly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), two inflammatory conditions of different pathogenesis. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in 92 women with SLE, 89 with RA and 107 controls. Results were compared among the 3 groups and correlations of FM percentage were explored within SLE and RA. RESULTS: Abnormal body composition was more frequent in women with SLE and RA than in non-inflammatory controls, despite having a similar BMI. RA diagnosis was significantly associated with overfat (OR=2.782, 95%CI 1.470-5.264; p=0.002) and central obesity (OR=2.998, 95%CI 1.016-8.841; p=0.04), while sarcopenia was more common among SLE (OR=3.003; 95%CI 1.178-7.676; p=0.01). Sarcopenic obesity, i.e. the coexistence of overfat with sarcopenia, was present in 6.5% of SLE and 5.6% of RA women, but no controls. Independent correlations of FM percentage in women with SLE included smoking, disease activity and CRP. In RA, education, disease activity and cumulative corticosteroid dose were identified as independent predictors of FM percentage. CONCLUSIONS: Women with SLE or RA diagnosis are more likely to have abnormal body composition phenotype, with some differences existing between these two conditions. Changes in body composition are partly explained by the inflammatory burden of disease and its treatment.
- Carcinoma de Células Renais em Rim Pélvico - A propósito de um caso raro e revisão da literaturaPublication . Graça, B; Figueira, T; Carrasquinho, E; Lourenço, M; Fonseca, JA ectopia renal é uma malformação congénita com uma incidência estimada entre 1:500 a 1:1200 nascimentos, sendo a localização pélvica a mais frequente. O carcinoma de células renais é a neoplasia renal mais comumente encontrada sendo no entanto rara esta associação. Discutimos o caso clínico de um doente com carcinoma de células renais em rim pélvico com ênfase na caracterização vascular pré-operatória com reconstrução tridimensional por TAC e realizámos uma revisão da literatura.
- Cardiovascular risk profile in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study of female patientsPublication . Santos, MJ; Vinagre, F; Silva, J; Gil, V; Fonseca, JOBJECTIVE: Premature atherosclerosis is well-documented both in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients, but cardiovascular (CV) risk is particularly high in lupus women. Although conventional CV risk factors do not fully explain the excessive risk in inflammatory diseases, they remain major contributors to atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CV risk factors are differentially associated with SLE and RA. METHODS: One hundred women with SLE, 98 with RA and 102 controls matched on age and without overt CV or renal disease were assessed for the presence of Framingham (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, diabetes, smoking) and other CV risks (atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), insulin resistance, obesity, central obesity, metabolic syndrome, uric acid, sedentarism, hypothyroidism and family history of premature CV disease). RESULTS: Modifiable CV risk factors are highly prevalent and occur more frequently in SLE and RA than in age-matched controls. Some differences in Framingham risk factors were found between SLE and RA, with hypertension being more common in young lupus women, hypercholesterolemia more frequent in RA and low HDL-C more frequent in SLE. However, the estimated 10-year Framingham CHD risk or the Reynolds Risk Score was comparable in both diseases. Although hypercholesterolemia was more frequent in RA, lupus women display a more atherogenic lipid profile, with significantly lower HDL-C levels (56.5±16 mg/dl versus 63.7±18; p=0.005), and more cases above the high risk cutpoints for cholesterol/HDL-C (14% versus 4.1%; p=0.01) and for AIP (15% versus 6.1%; p=0.03). Also, uric acid levels are higher in SLE women (4.8±1.5 mg/dl) than in RA (4.1±1.1 mg/dl), p=0.001. On the other hand, insulin resistance is significantly higher in women with RA as compared with SLE (median HOMA-IR 3.5 [6.4]) versus 0.72 [2.5]; p<0.0001) and the difference remained significant after adjustment for BMI and corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk profile is distinct in SLE and RA women and the contribution of traditional CV risk factors to atherogenesis may be different in these two diseases. Prospective studies are necessary to understand how the control of modifiable risks can improve CV outcome in different inflammatory settings.
- Catástrofe Peniana. Infecção de Prótese Peniana – A propósito de um Caso ClínicoPublication . Palmas, A; Lourenço, M; Coelho, M; Cardoso, AP; Fonseca, JA infecção de prótese peniana é uma das complicações mais devastadoras da cirurgia de implante, dada a magnitude da situação, podendo assumir consequências catastróficas. Relatamos o caso clínico de infecção de prótese peniana, de difícil controlo, tendo terminado em Uretrostomia Perineal e contrução de “Pseudo Pénis”, isto apesar do cumprimento rigoroso da técnica cirúrgica e da profilaxia antibiótica sistémica e local.
- Cirurgia poupadora de orgão em massa testicular bilateral: quisto epidermóidePublication . Palmas, A; Cardoso, AP; Fonseca, J; Gonçalves, LIntrodução: O quisto epidermóide do testículo é uma lesão benigna testicular pouco comum. Representa cerca de 1% a 2% de todas as massas testiculares e a sua ocorrência bilateral é muito rara. Caso clínico: Reportamos o caso de um doente de 21 anos com quisto epidermóide bilateral do testículo, submetido a cirurgia poupadora de órgão bilateral, através de abordagem inguinal após exame extemporâneo. Discussão: Discutimos ainda o diagnóstico e a abordagem deste tipo de lesões.
- Color Doppler ultrasonographic scanning in acute bacterial prostatitisPublication . Palmas, A; Coelho, M; Fonseca, JOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to reveal parenchymal and vascular changes in acute prostatitis and to determine the role of color Doppler sonography in monitoring patients with this pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty five patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis (NIH 1) admitted to our institution were studied prospectively. Clinical, analytical and microbiological data were recorded. Color Doppler and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) were performed 1 week after antibiotic therapy and afterwards at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 month visits. The findings were recorded and scored using standardized criteria to characterize the degree and distribution of prostatic vascularity. RESULTS: Blood flow was observed to the entire prostate capsule (grade 2) in 23 (92%) patients at first visit (1 week) and were present in 11 (44%), 6 (24%) and 2 (8%) at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 month visits respectively. The amount and distribution of blood flow within the prostatic parenchyma were evaluated using several criteria. Using the 2-point scale flow were classified as grade 2 22 (88%), 18 (72%), 12 (48%) and 3 (12%) patients at first, second, third and fourth visit respectively. Similar findings were noted using the Doppler spot scale which revealed that flow was grade 2 (15 spots or more) in 23 (92%), 19 (76%), 11 (44%) and 3 (12%) patients respectively. Mean number of Doppler spots in the prostate parenchyma was 23.1 +/- 11.1 at first visit, 10.3 +/- 9.5 after the end of therapy and 8.3 +/- 5.4 and 7.9 +/- 5.1 at 3 and 6 monthly respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute prostatitis require prolonged treatment and subsequent follow up for at least 6 months. Color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in monitoring response to treatment and in predicting clinical outcome.
- Early vascular alterations in SLE and RA patients--a step towards understanding the associated cardiovascular riskPublication . Santos, MJ; Carmona-Fernandes, D; Canhão, H; Silva, J; Fonseca, J; Gil, VAccelerated atherosclerosis represents a major problem in both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and endothelial damage is a key feature of atherogenesis. We aimed to assess early endothelial changes in SLE and RA female patients (127 SLE and 107 RA) without previous CV events. Biomarkers of endothelial cell activation (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), thrombomodulin (TM), and tissue factor (TF)) were measured and endothelial function was assessed using peripheral artery tonometry. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), an indicator of microvascular reactivity, and augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness, were obtained. In addition, traditional CV risk factors, disease activity and medication were determined. Women with SLE displayed higher sICAM-1 and TM and lower TF levels than women with RA (p = 0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). These differences remained significant after controlling for CV risk factors and medication. Serum levels of vascular biomarkers were increased in active disease and a moderate correlation was observed between sVCAM-1 levels and lupus disease activity (rho = 0.246) and between TF levels and RA disease activity (rho = 0.301). Although RHI was similar across the groups, AIx was higher in lupus as compared to RA (p = 0.04). Also in active SLE, a trend towards poorer vasodilation was observed (p = 0.06). In conclusion, women with SLE and RA present with distinct patterns of endothelial cell activation biomarkers not explained by differences in traditional CV risk factors. Early vascular alterations are more pronounced in SLE which is in line with the higher CV risk of these patients.
- Ectopia cordis: a case reportPublication . Dias, G; Santos, AV; Martins, C; Ferreira, AP; Fonseca, JIntroduction: ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation, with an estimated incidence of 5 to 8 per million live births. It is defined as a malformation in which the heart is located in an extra-thoracic position. Ectopia cordis may occur as an isolated malformation or associated with other anomalies such as omphalocele, congenital heart disease or integrating Cantrell syndrome. The size and location of the defect influence the prognosis. Description: we report a case of a 24-year-old nulliparous woman, with no relevant family or personal history, in which the prenatal fetal ultrasound, performed at 21 weeks of gestation, revealed a defect of the anterior chest wall with exteriorization of the heart. Discussion: fetal echocardiography revealed a severe congenital heart disease. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy, after being duly informed by a multidisciplinary team. Delivery occurred at 37 weeks of gestation but the female newborn died one hour afterwards. Pathological examination confirmed the sonographic findings.
- HBP: sintomas e impacto na qualidade de vidaPublication . Fonseca, J; Plamas, A
- Impact of positive surgical margins on biochemical relapse after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP)Publication . Santos, P; Graça, B; Lourenço, M; Coelho, M; Ribeiro, F; Fonseca, J; Cardoso, AP; Varregoso, J; Ferrito, F; Carrasquinho, FIntroduction. RP (radical prostatectomy) technique continues the major treatment option for men with potential cure and life expectancy exceeding 10 years. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of PSM on BR (biochemical relapse), to identify PSM risk factors, to clarify the factors involved in BR in the absence of PSM. Material and methods. Consultation of 171 medical-records from patients submitted to RRP (radical retropubic prostatectomy) between January/2000-December/2005. Mean-age: 64 yr. Mean – PSA (positive surgical margin):11.88 ng/ml. Clinical staging: 67.8% cT1, 32.2% cT2. GS: ≤6 (66.1%), =7 (21.1%), 8-10 (12.3%). PS: pT0 1.2%, pT2 50.3%, pT3a 36.3%, pT3b 12.9%, pT4 0.6%. pathological Gleason score: ≤6 39.2%, =7 40.9%, 8-10 19.3%. RB definition was PSA ≥0.2 ng/ml. Adjusted Odds-Ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through univariate logistic regression. Results. There were PSM in 46 specimens, 28 had single PSM and 18 multiple PSM (≥2). BR occurred in 57 patients (33.3%), with an average time after surgery of 23.5 months – 26 patients had PSM and 31 had not. Statistical significant results for BR in variables PSA, PS and PSM. Quadruples if PSM (p <0.0001), triples in single PSM (p = 0.01) and is 6x higher in multiple PSM (p = 0.001). Regarding factors that influence the presence of PSM, only PS ≥pT3a reach statistical significance (p <0.0001). Patients with BR but without PSM (54.38%), variables statistically significant were: initial PSA >10, (p = 0.029) and pathological Gleason score ≥8 with a risk nearly 4x higher than pathological Gleason score ≤6 (p = 0.027). Conclusions. Statistical risk analysis concluded that the presence of PSM in RRP is strongly influenced by PS ≥pT3a. The presence of PSM and their number increase significantly the risk of BR compared to other factors. In the absence of PSM, the factors that seem to be crucial and with greater impact on BR are initial PSA>10 and pathological Gleason score ≥8.