Browsing by Author "Loureiro, H"
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- Disfunção miocárdica por défice de vitamina dPublication . Moniz, M; Rebelo, M; Mascarenhas, MI; Nunes, P; Abadesso, C; Loureiro, H; Almeida, HO défice de vitamina D manifesta-se geralmente por alterações na mineralização óssea. No entanto, este défice pode associar-se a outras alterações, como a insuficiência cardíaca. É apresentado o caso clínico de uma lactente com 3 meses de vida admitida na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos com sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica e necessidade de suporte ventilatório e inotrópico. A avaliação laboratorial inicial revelou uma hipocalcemia grave refratária à terapêutica instituída. O ecocardiograma foi sugestivo de insuficiência cardíaca. A investigação etiológica revelou um défice grave de vitamina D. O défice de vitamina D é um problema cada vez mais frequente nos dias de hoje. Perante uma hipocalcemia grave deve-se suspeitar desta deficiência.
- Do hospital ao domicílioPublication . Barroso, R; Loureiro, H; Semião, S
- Factores preditivos de gravidade e necessidade de ventilação na tosse convulsaPublication . Marques, T; Escobar, C; Silvestre, C; Nunes, P; Abadesso, C; Loureiro, H; Almeida, HIIntrodução: A tosse convulsa é uma causa importante de morbilidade e mortalidade na idade pediátrica. Pretendeu-se determinar fatores de risco de gravidade e de necessidade de ventilação em crianças com tosse convulsa. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo analítico de crianças com tosse convulsa internadas em enfermaria e unidade de cuidados intensivos de pediatria entre 2007 e 2012. Avaliaram-se parâmetros epidemiológicos, sociodemográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais, imagiológicos e ventilatórios. Compararam-se doentes internados na enfermaria e na unidade de cuidados intensivos pesquisando fatores de gravidade e de necessidade de ventilação. Resultados: Foram identificados 26 casos, 73% do sexo masculino, 50% com idade inferior a 2 meses e 58% sem imunização para Bordetella pertussis. A hipoxemia foi o sinal mais frequente (83%) na admissão. Doze (46%) doentes tiveram necessidade de cuidados intensivos e oito (31%) foram ventilados. Foram fatores de gravidade a ausência de imunização e leucocitose máxima > 50000/mL, estando este último parâmetro também associado à necessidade de ventilação. Foi realizada leucoaférese em três doentes, com diminuição da leucocitose e melhoria da ventilação. Ocorreram três óbitos (12%) em pequenos lactentes não vacinados com hiperleucocitose. Discussao: A tosse consulva pode ser grave e potencialmente fatal, podendo obrigar a ventilação mecânica agressiva, principalmente nos pequenos lactentes não imunizados, com uma elevada leucocitose. As opções terapêuticas com sucesso são escassas, sendo a leucoaférese uma modalidade terapêutica que pode ajudar no tratamento do doente grave.
- Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: two case reportsPublication . Ferreira, M; Martins, J; Silvestre, C; Abadesso, C; Matias, E; Loureiro, H; Figueiredo, A; Dias, A; Almeida, HIHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life threatening inflammatory syndrome, which presents a highly stimulated but ineffective immune response with severe hypercytokinaemia. HLH, primary or secondary, is characterised by prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly associated with pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia. However, the hallmark of HLH is impaired or absent function of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. HLH presents major diagnostic difficulties, since it may have an incomplete and/or late onset and with many conditions leading to the same clinical picture. When untreated, it is fatal in all primary cases and in a high percentage of acquired cases. Awareness of the clinical picture and diagnostic criteria is thus important to start life saving treatment. We describe two cases of primary HLH, with significant differences in their clinical presentation and evolution.
- H1N1 disseminated infection in a 3-month-old boyPublication . Moniz, M; Nunes, P; Silvestre, C; Abadesso, C; Matias, E; Loureiro, H; Almeida, HEarlier this year a new influenza virus emerged. In children, the clinical manifestations of H1N1 infection are similar to those reported during periods of seasonal influenza. We report on a 3-month-old boy with an upper respiratory tract infection who presented enteropathy, coagulopathy and encephalitis related to H1N1. The infection was confirmed in nasopharyngeal aspirate, stools and cerebrospinal fluid by real-time PCR. Treatment with oseltamivir was started.
- High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in children: a 10-year experiencePublication . Moniz, M; Silvestre, C; Nunes, P; Abadesso, C; Matias, E; Loureiro, H; Almeida, HIOBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the experience with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in a Portuguese Pediatric Critical Care Unit, and to evaluate whether HFOV allowed improvement in oxygenation and ventilation. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of children ventilated by HFOV between January, 2002 and December, 2011. The following parameters were recorded: demographic and clinical data, and blood gases and ventilatory parameters during the first 48 hours of HFOV. RESULTS: 80 children were included, with a median age of 1.5 months (min: one week; max: 36 months). Pneumonia (n=50; 62.5%) and bronchiolitis (n=18; 22.5%) were the main diagnoses. Approximately 40% (n=32) of the patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Conventional mechanical ventilation was used in 68 (85%) of patients prior to HFOV. All patients who started HFOV had hypoxemia, and 56 (70%) also presented persistent hypercapnia. Two hours after starting HFOV, a significant improvement in SatO2/FiO2 ratio (128±0.63 vs. 163±0.72; p<0.001) that was sustained up to 24 hours of HFOV and a decrease in FiO2 were observed. Since the beginning of HFOV, the mean PCO2 significantly decreased (87±33 vs. 66±25; p<0.001), and the pH significantly improved (7.21±0.17 vs. 7.32±0.15; p<0.001). Overall survival was 83.8%. CONCLUSIONS: HFOV enabled an improvement in hypercapnia and oxygenation. It is a safe option for the treatment of ARDS and severe small airway diseases.
- Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure in childrenPublication . Abadesso, C; Nunes, P; Silvestre, C; Matias, E; Loureiro, H; Almeida, HIBACKGROUND: There is only sparse data on the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF) in infants and children. For this setting we investigated feasibility and efficacy of NIV and aimed to identify early predictors for treatment failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed for all patients treated with NIV for ARF from 2003 to 2010 on an 8-bed pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were treated with NIV. One patient did not tolerate mask ventilation and needed immediate invasive ventilation. Intubation rate of the remaining patients was 23% and mortality 15%. Institution of NIV led to significant improvement of both respiratory and heart rate in all patients within the first hour and to further stabilization within the next 8-10 hr. In patients with NIV success blood gases improved significantly 1-2 hr after starting NIV. Multivariate analysis identified low pH after 1-2 hr to be an individual risk factor for NIV failure. Other factors tested were age, underlying disease, acute respiratory insufficiency versus post-extubation failure (PEF), and 1-2 hr after starting NIV oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, PCO(2) , and FiO(2) . Patients with PEF tended to show better outcomes compared to those with acute respiratory insufficiency. CONCLUSION: NIV can be effective in infants and children with ARF. Low pH 1-2 hr after start of NIV is associated with NIV failure. It may therefore be useful in the decision to continue or stop mask ventilation.
- Partial Red Blood Cell Exchange in Children and Young Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Manual Versus Automated Procedure.Publication . Escobar, C; Moniz, M; Nunes, P; Abadesso, C; Ferreira, T; Barra, A; Lichtner, A; Loureiro, H; Dias, A; Almeida, HINTRODUCTION: The benefits of manual versus automated red blood cell exchange have rarely been documented and studies in young sickle cell disease patients are scarce. We aim to describe and compare our experience in these two procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Young patients (≤ 21 years old) who underwent manual- or automated-red blood cell exchange for prevention or treatment of sickle cell disease complications were included. Clinical, technical and hematological data were prospectively recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-four red blood cell exchange sessions were performed over a period of 68 months, including 57 manual and 37 automated, 63 for chronic complications prevention, 30 for acute complications and one in the pre-operative setting. Mean decrease in sickle hemoglobin levels was higher in automated-red blood cell exchange (p < 0.001) and permitted a higher sickle hemoglobin level decrease per volume removed (p < 0.001), while hemoglobin and hematocrit remained stable. Ferritin levels on chronic patients decreased 54%. Most frequent concern was catheter outflow obstruction on manual-red blood cell exchange and access alarm on automated-red blood cell exchange. No major complication or alloimunization was recorded. DISCUSSION: Automated-red blood cell exchange decreased sickle hemoglobin levels more efficiently than manual procedure in the setting of acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease, with minor technical concerns mainly due to vascular access. The threshold of sickle hemoglobin should be individualized for clinical and hematological goals. In our cohort of young patients, the need for an acceptable venous access was a limiting factor, but iron-overload was avoided. CONCLUSION: Automated red blood cell exchange is safe and well tolerated. It permits a higher sickle hemoglobin removal efficacy, better volume status control and iron-overload avoidance.
- Proctocolite induzida por proteína alimentar em lactente sob aleitamento materno exclusivoPublication . Prelhaz, C; Sokolova, A; Escobar, C; Moniz, M; Nunes, P; Abadesso, C; Loureiro, HIntrodução: A protocolite induzida por proteína alimentar é uma reação de hipersensibilidade não -IgE mediada, mais frequentemente desencadeada pela ingestão de leite de vaca ou soja mas também já reconhecida no contexto de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Pode manifestar -se nas primeiras semanas de vida e o seu diagnóstico constitui um desafio pela inespecificidade das manifestações clínicas, muitas vezes levando a intervenções médicas desnecessárias e invasivas. Caso clínico: Os autores apresentam um lactente com um mês de vida sob aleitamento materno exclusivo, avaliado por dejeções hemáticas, recusa alimentar e irritabilidade, cuja investigação clínica foi consecutivamente negativa e cujas manifestações clínicas reverteram após evicção do leite materno e início de leite extensamente hidrolizado. Conclusões: A evicção da proteína alimentar desencadeante resulta numa recuperação clínica geralmente completa e sem sequelas tardias. Pode ser necessária a suspensão do aleitamento materno em lactentes nos quais não seja identificada outra causa para a hipersensibilidade.
- Quando o doente crónico já não é criança: transição de cuidadosPublication . Loureiro, H