PATCLIN - Artigos publicados em revistas não indexadas
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- Categorização TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) e Bethesda de Nódulos da Tiróide: Experiência InstitucionalPublication . Germano, A; Schmitt, W; Ribeiro, C; Simões, H; Gasparinho, G; Ferreira, M; Gomes, AIntrodução: As categorizações TIRADS (thyroid imaging reporting and data system) e Bethesda atribuem riscos de malignidade e propõem recomendações a seguir visando uniformizar a interpretação desses exames pelos radiologistas e anatomopatologistas e triar eficazmente nódulos da tiróide para cirurgia ou seguimento. O objectivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco de malignidade das categorias diagnósticas TIRADS e Bethesda nos nódulos da tiróide puncionados na nossa Instituição. Material e Métodos: Foi efectuado um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com avaliação retrospectiva dos dados. Incluíram-se 906 nódulos da tiróide de 842 doentes consecutivos, puncionados entre 01/01/2012 e 31/12/2014. Obteve-se confirmação histológica em 173 nódulos (19,1%). Os diagnósticos citológicos foram categorizados pelo sistema Bethesda. Foram estratificados 743 nódulos nas categorias TIRADS. Estimou-se o risco de malignidade das diferentes categorias TIRADS e Bethesda. Resultados: A percentagem de nódulos malignos entre os operados foi de 26,7 em 2012, 36,9 em 2013 e 55,2 em 2014. Nos estratos TIRADS 2, 3, 4a, 4b e 5 incluíram-se respectivamente 25; 354; 298; 49 e 17 nódulos. Obteve-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os riscos de malignidade dos nódulos pouco suspeitos (2, 3 e 4a – 5%) e muito suspeitos (4b e 5 – 48,5%), p < 0,001. As percentagens de nódulos nas categorias Bethesda I;II, III, IV, V e VI foram de 9,8; 73,1; 6,1; 5; 3,3 e 28, com riscos de malignidade respectivos de 2 a 15 %; 1 a 8%; 13 a 35%; 24 a 33%; 57 a 77% e 84 a 100%. Obteve-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os riscos de malignidade dos nódulos não cirúrgicos (I, II e III – 2 a 14%) e cirúrgicos (IV a VI – 49 a 65%), p < 0,001. Conclusão: Na classificação TIRADS, houve prevalência institucional superior à esperada de nódulos malignos na categoria dos provavelmente benignos e inferior à esperada de nódulos malignos nas categorias de elevada suspeição. Na classificação de Bethesda, houve prevalência institucional superior à esperada de nódulos malignos nas categorias benigno/indeterminado. Estas duas técnicas têm sido benéficas na triagem pré-cirúrgica dos pacientes com nódulos da tiróide, facto demonstrado por aumento progressivo da percentagem de nódulos malignos entre os tumores operados de 2012 a 2014.
- Characterization of B cells in healthy pregnant women from late pregnancy to post-partum: a prospective observational studyPublication . Lima, J; Martins, C; Leandro, MJ; Nunes, G; Sousa, MJ; Branco, J; Borrego, LMBACKGROUND: B cells play a role in pregnancy due to their humoral and regulatory activities. To our knowledge, different maturational stages (from transitional to memory) of circulating B cell subsets have not yet been characterized (cell quantification and phenotype identification) in healthy pregnant women. Thus, the objective of our study was to characterize these subsets (as well as regulatory B cells) from late pregnancy to post-partum and to compare them with the circulating B cells of non-pregnant women. METHODS: In all of the enrolled women, flow cytometry was used to characterize the circulating B cell subsets according to the expression of IgD and CD38 (Bm1-Bm5 classification system). Regulatory B cells were characterized based on the expression of surface antigens (CD24, CD27, and CD38) and the production of IL-10 after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. RESULTS: Compared to the absolute counts of B cells in the non-pregnant women (n = 35), those in the pregnant women (n = 43) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day (immediately after delivery). The percentages of these cells on delivery day and at post-partum were significantly lower than those in the non-pregnant women. In general, the absolute counts and percentages of the majority of the B cell subsets were significantly lower in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women. However, these counts and percentages did not differ significantly between the post-partum and the non-pregnant women. The most notable exceptions to the above were the percentages of naïve B cells (which were significantly higher in the 3rd trimester and on delivery day than in the non-pregnant women) and of CD24(hi)CD38(hi) regulatory B cells (which were significantly higher in the post-partum than in the non-pregnant women). CONCLUSION: According to our study, the peripheral B cell compartment undergoes quantitative changes during normal late pregnancy and post-partum. Such findings may allow us to better understand immunomodulation during human pregnancy and provide evidence that could aid in the development of new strategies to diagnose and treat pregnancy-associated disturbances. Our findings could also be useful for studies of the mechanisms of maternal responses to vaccination and infection.
- Contribution of spoligotyping to the characterization of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in PortugalPublication . David, S; Ribeiro, D; Antunes, A; Portugal, C; Sancho, L; Sousa, JGTuberculosis is a major health problem in Portugal. To begin characterizing the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spoligotyping was used for the systematic typing, through consecutive sampling, of patient isolates from the Amadora-Sintra area of Greater Lisbon. Distribution amongst major spoligotype families, including the Latin American Mediterranean (LAM), T, Haarlem and Beijing, was compared to that of the international spoligotype database SpolDB4 and to the European countries of traditional Portuguese immigration represented in SpolDB4. Spoligotypes from 665 isolates were analyzed and 97 shared international types (SITs) identified. In SpolDB4 Portugal is represented by part of the spoligotypes from this study explaining the reduced number of unidentified patterns. The importance of the LAM family, and especially of LAM1 and LAM9 sub-families that alone represented 38% of all the isolates in this study as compared to 8% relative to the European sub group, led us to believe that at least in this respect the population structure was closer to that of Africa and South America than to Europe. Spoligotypes characteristic of Portugal or Portuguese related settings were identified. These included SIT244 a T1 sub-family predominant in Portugal and Bangladesh, SIT64 a LAM 6 sub-family common to Portugal and Brazil, and SIT1106 a LAM 9 sub-family. These studies were the first in Portugal stressing the importance of monitoring the population structure of M. tuberculosis isolates, an important step towards gaining an understanding of tuberculosis and the dynamics of this disease.
- Counseling for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): what pregnant women may want to knowPublication . Oepkes, D; Yaron, Y; Kozlowski, P; Sousa, MJ, et al.
- Determinants of the Sympatric Host-Pathogen Relationship in TuberculosisPublication . David, S; Mateus, AR; Duarte, EL; Albuquerque, J; Portugal, C; Sancho, L; Lavinha, J; Gonçalves G, GMajor contributions from pathogen genome analysis and host genetics have equated the possibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-evolution with its human host leading to more stable sympatric host-pathogen relationships. However, the attribution to either sympatric or allopatric categories depends on the resolution or grain of genotypic characterization. We explored the influence on the sympatric host-pathogen relationship of clinical (HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [MDRTB]) and demographic (gender and age) factors in regards to the genotypic grain by using spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) for classification of M. tuberculosis strains within the Euro-American lineage. We analyzed a total of 547 tuberculosis (TB) cases, from six year consecutive sampling in a setting with high TB-HIV coinfection (32.0%). Of these, 62.0% were caused by major circulating pathogen genotypes. The sympatric relationship was defined according to spoligotype in comparison to the international spoligotype database SpolDB4. While no significant association with Euro-American lineage was observed with any of the factors analyzed, increasing the resolution with spoligotyping evidenced a significant association of MDRTB with sympatric strains, regardless of the HIV status. Furthermore, distribution curves of the prevalence of sympatric and allopatric TB in relation to patients' age showed an accentuation of the relevance of the age of onset in the allopatric relationship, as reflected in the trimodal distribution. On the contrary, sympatric TB was characterized by the tendency towards a typical (standard) distribution curve. Our results suggest that within the Euro-American lineage a greater degree of genotyping fine-tuning is necessary in modeling the biological processes behind the host-pathogen interplay. Furthermore, prevalence distribution of sympatric TB to age was suggestive of host genetic determinisms driven by more common variants.
- Direct application of the INNO-LiPA Rif.TB line-probe assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and detection of rifampin resistance in 360 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and detection of rifampin resistance in 360 smear-positive respiratory specimens from an area of high incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosisPublication . Viveiros, M; Leandro, C; Rodrigues, L; Almeida, J; Bettencourt, R; Couto, I; Carrilho, L; Diogo, J; Fonseca, A; Lito, L; Lopes, J; Pacheco, T; Pessanha, M; Quirim, J; Sancho, L; Salfinger, M; Amaral, LThe INNO-LiPA Rif.TB assay for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and the detection of rifampin (RIF) resistance has been evaluated with 360 smear-positive respiratory specimens from an area of high incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The sensitivity when compared to conventional identification/culture methods was 82.2%, and the specificity was 66.7%; the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 96.9%, respectively, for the detection of RIF resistance. This assay has the potential to provide rapid information that is essential for the effective management of MDR-TB.
- Evaluation of liquid biphasic Granada medium and instant liquid biphasic Granada medium for group B streptococcus detection.Publication . Martinho, F; Prieto, E; Pinto, C; Castro, R; Morais, A; Salgado, L; Exposto, FINTRODUCTION: Group B streptococci (GBS) are transmitted from the mother to the newborn. Prevention of neonatal infection is achieved by intrapartum prophylaxis given to mothers colonized with GBS at 35 to 37 weeks of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liquid biphasic Granada medium (LB) and instant liquid biphasic Granada medium (ILB) were evaluated for GBS detection. Vaginal swabs obtained from 300 women were inoculated onto LB or ILB, or onto Todd-Hewitt broth and analyzed with the ATB system (comparison method). RESULTS: Prevalence of GBS was 20% (61/300). LB and Todd-Hewitt with ATB detected GBS in 20% of women, and ILB in 19% of women. No growth was observed at four hours in any of the media studied. At 10 h and 14 h, identification of GBS was possible in 43/300 (14%) and 53/300 (18%) of ILB cultures, respectively, and in 32/300 (11%) and 46/300 (15%) of LB cultures. CONCLUSION: All the media used are suitable for GBS detection. The majority of GBS were identified in ILB and LB cultures at 10 h and 14 h.
- From ANA-screening to antigen-specificity: an EASI-survey on the daily practice in European countries.Publication . Damoiseaux, J; Agmon-Levin, N; Van Blerk, M; Sousa, MJ, et al.OBJECTIVES: One of the main goals of the European Autoimmunity Standardisation Initiative (EASI) is the harmonisation of test-algorithms for autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). METHODS: A questionnaire was used to gather information on methodology, interpretation, and the algorithm for detection of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in relation to their antigen-specificity. The questionnaire was sent to 1200 laboratories in 12 European countries. RESULTS: The response rate was 47.2%. The results reveal not only apparent differences between countries, but also within countries. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of these differences may as such already stimulate harmonisation, but the observed differences may also direct recommendations that may further contribute to achieving the EASI goal of harmonisation of autoimmune diagnostics for SARD.
- Genetic Background and Expression of the New qepA4 Gene Variant Recovered in Clinical TEM-1- and CMY-2-Producing Escherichia coli.Publication . Manageiro, V; Félix, D; Jones-Dias, D; Sampaio, D; Vieira, L; Sancho, L; Ferreira, E; Caniça, MA new QepA4 variant was detected in an O86:H28 ST156-fimH38 Escherichia coli, showing a multidrug-resistance phenotype. PAβN inhibition of qepA4-harboring transconjugant resulted in increase of nalidixic acid accumulation. The qepA4 and catA1 genes were clustered in a 26.0-kp contig matching an IncF-type plasmid, and containing a Tn21-type transposon with multiple mobile genetic elements. This QepA variant is worrisome because these determinants might facilitate the selection of higher-level resistance mutants, playing a role in the development of resistance, and/or confer higher-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in association with chromosomal mutations.
- High prevalence of ST121 in community-associated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus lineages responsible for skin and soft tissue infections in Portuguese childrenPublication . Conceição, T; Aires-de-Sousa, M; Pona, N; Brito, MJ; Barradas, C; Coelho, R; Sardinha, T; Sancho, L; Sousa, JG; Machado, MC; Lencastre, HIn order to evaluate the incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in Portugal, we analyzed a collection of 38 S. aureus isolates recovered from 30 children attending the pediatric emergency department of a central hospital in Lisbon due to skin and soft tissue infections. Molecular characterization identified seven clonal lineages among the 35 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, of which the major lineage PFGE A/t159/ST121 included 63% of the isolates. The three MRSA isolates belonged to the Pediatric clone PFGE D/t535/ST5-IV (n = 2) and to the European CA-MRSA clone PFGE G/t044/ST80-IVc (n = 1). All isolates harbored several virulence factors, namely, leukocidins. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was produced by isolates from five MSSA lineages and by the ST80 MRSA. Of interest, this is the first reported isolation of CA-MRSA ST80 in Portugal.
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